{"id":3742,"date":"2012-06-29T06:00:48","date_gmt":"2012-06-29T06:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/wp\/2012\/06\/29\/making-entomology-accessible-with-wikipedia\/"},"modified":"2019-11-14T21:47:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:47:36","slug":"making-entomology-accessible-with-wikipedia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/2012\/06\/29\/making-entomology-accessible-with-wikipedia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9crivons sur Wikipedia! Let’s write on Wikipedia!"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Note: the English version follows)<\/em><\/p>\n

Guillaume Dury, \u00c9tudiant \u00e0 la ma\u00eetrise, Universit\u00e9 McGill<\/strong>
\n_______________________________<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Dessous de Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>, photo par Cody Hough sur Wikimedia Commons.<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/strong>Le 7 avril 2012, l’article du jour sur Wikip\u00e9dia \u00e9tait Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C’\u00e9tait un grand jour pour moi : j’ai \u00e9crit la majorit\u00e9 de l’article.<\/strong> Ce n’est pas pour autant mon article; dire cela irait \u00e0 l’encontre de l’\u00e9tiquette de Wikip\u00e9dia. J’y ai tout de m\u00eame pass\u00e9 des heures de recherche et j’ai \u00e9crit la majorit\u00e9 de l’article.<\/p>\n

Tout comme des millions de personnes, j’utilise Wikip\u00e9dia pour \u00e9tancher ma soif de connaissances rapides. \u00c0 juste titre, \u00ab\u00a0\u00abwiki\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb est Hawa\u00efen pour rapide. Seulement, il n’y avait pas de wiki-connaissances sur ce papillon de nuit qu’est l’Uranie riph\u00e9e (Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>).<\/p>\n

J’\u00e9tais toujours curieux; cette soif particuli\u00e8re ne resterait pas inassouvie. Puisque j’allais faire une recherche de litt\u00e9rature, aussi bien \u00e9crire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des autres. Voil\u00e0 comment je suis devenu un \u00e9diteur sur Wikip\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n

J’ai cr\u00e9\u00e9 l’article le 5 ao\u00fbt 2006, un peu avant de commencer mon baccalaur\u00e9at en biologie. En tant que biologiste de formation, j’avais besoin de pratiquer les t\u00e2ches concern\u00e9es dans l’\u00e9criture de l’article. <\/strong>Le plus important fut de trouver l’information. J’ai pu trouver beaucoup d’information en ligne : dans les articles scientifiques et dans des livres num\u00e9ris\u00e9s par Google Books ou Internet Archive. J’ai aussi appris que, parfois, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ne sont tout simplement pas disponibles en ligne. C’est alors que j’ai utilis\u00e9 les pr\u00eats entre biblioth\u00e8ques pour la premi\u00e8re fois. Peu a peu, une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la fois, j’ai rempli les diff\u00e9rentes sections de l’article.<\/p>\n

La partie sur la taxonomie et la description de l’esp\u00e8ce fut beaucoup plus int\u00e9ressante \u00e0 \u00e9crire que je l’aurais cru. L’Uranie rhiph\u00e9e, ou le \u00ab\u00a0\u00abpapillon coucher de soleil malgache\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb (de l’anglais \u00ab\u00a0Madagascan sunset moth\u00a0\u00bb) a toute une histoire derri\u00e8re ses noms. Il est d\u00e9crit pour la premi\u00e8re fois, en 1773, sous le nom de Papilio rhipheus<\/em>. C’est-\u00e0-dire qu’il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 parmi les papillons de jour et non de nuit. Capitaine May de Hammersmith avait donn\u00e9 le sp\u00e9cimen \u00e0 l’entomologiste britannique Dru Drury. Ce sp\u00e9cimen avait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0\u00abr\u00e9par\u00e9\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb avec une t\u00eate de papillon de jour et ses antennes en massue. (NB : ne pas coller la mauvaise t\u00eate sur votre sp\u00e9cimen cass\u00e9!) En 1831, Ren\u00e9 Primev\u00e8re Lesson l’avait d\u00e9crit sous le nom Urania ripheus<\/em> var. madagascarensis<\/em>. Ce papillon a toujours plusieurs autres synonymes.<\/p>\n

En utilisant les guides sur Wikip\u00e9dia, en demandant d’autres \u00e9diteurs et en m’inspirant de d’autres articles, j’ai rassembl\u00e9 et r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de plus en plus d’information. J’ai fait passer l’article par le processus interne d’\u00e9valuation par les pairs dans Wikip\u00e9dia en janvier 2007. Sur Wikip\u00e9dia, les pairs sont d’autres \u00e9diteurs et pas n\u00e9cessairement des entomologistes. Cela a aid\u00e9 un peu, surtout pour le format article, mais je devais surtout trouver d’autres sources d’information \u00e0 inclure.<\/p>\n

Puis, j’ai contact\u00e9 l’un des experts mondiaux sur Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>, le Dr David C. Lees du Mus\u00e9e d’Histoire naturelle de Londres. J’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 agr\u00e9ablement surpris; il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9diteur sur Wikip\u00e9dia. Il m’a dirig\u00e9 vers des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences importantes que j’avais manqu\u00e9es et a ajout\u00e9 des informations lui-m\u00eame. J’\u00e9tais ravi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Carte de cigarettes d\u00e9peignant une f\u00e9e \u00ab Chrysiridia madagascariensis<\/em> \u00bb en 1928, compagnie John Player & Sons.<\/p><\/div>\n

En mars 2008, je jugeais que mon article avait atteint le niveau de \u00ab\u00a0\u00abbon article\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb. Pour \u00eatre reconnu comme tel, un article doit r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certains crit\u00e8res et passer avec succ\u00e8s le processus de mise en candidature de bon article. Avec l’examen et des suggestions de l’utilisateur Casliber, c’est ce qui s’est pass\u00e9 le 22 mars 2008 : j’avais \u00e9crit un \u00ab\u00a0\u00abbon\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb article sur Wikip\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n

J’ai continu\u00e9; j’ai fait des modifications, j’ai ajout\u00e9 des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences, des images, y compris une carte de cigarettes datant de 1928, et j’ai ajout\u00e9 ce qui est probablement la seule photo de la chenille de cette esp\u00e8ce sur Internet. J’ai eu l’aide de l’un des principaux \u00e9diteurs des articles sur l’optique et la polarisation des articles afin de clarifier pour moi la polarisation de la lumi\u00e8re. Les \u00e9cailles sur les ailes du papillon produisent les couleurs \u00e0 travers deux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes optiques, l’un d\u00e9pend de polarisation. Le papillon ne dispose de pigment que dans les r\u00e9gions noires de ses ailes.<\/p>\n

Ensuite, le 18 juin 2008, j’ai fait la mise en candidature de l’article pour qu’il soit reconnu comme article de qualit\u00e9. Les articles de qualit\u00e9 sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme repr\u00e9sentant le meilleur de ce que Wikip\u00e9dia a \u00e0 offrir, comme d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par les \u00e9diteurs de Wikip\u00e9dia. Lors de ce processus, de nombreux \u00e9diteurs font des suggestions et demandent des changements \u00e0 l’article. J’ai fait la plupart de ces changements et fait de mon mieux pour r\u00e9pondre aux questions. Le 4 juillet 2008, Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 promu au statut d’article de qualit\u00e9. Featured article<\/em> en anglais; ce statut exceptionnel est signifi\u00e9 par une petite \u00e9toile dans le coin sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 droit! :<\/p>\n

http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chrysiridia_rhipheus<\/a><\/p>\n

En moyenne, l’article Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em> est visit\u00e9 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s une centaine de fois par jour. Le 7 avril 2012, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9 plus de 20 000 fois. Au cours des 90 derniers jours, cela fait un total de\u00a037614 fois<\/a>. C’est de la bonne diffusion!<\/p>\n

Je r\u00e9pondrai avec plaisir aux questions de ceux qui s’int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 l’\u00e9criture de \u00ab leur propre \u00bb article Wikip\u00e9dia. Tout commence par le bouton [modifier]…<\/p>\n

Pour les professeurs :<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00abdans le cours ENTO 431 entomologie m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gale, \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 du Texas A & M<\/a>, les \u00e9tudiants ont la t\u00e2che d’\u00e9crire plusieurs articles sur Wikip\u00e9dia concernant les esp\u00e8ces de mouches d’importance m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gale.\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb Le travail des \u00e9tudiants sert alors leur cours et sert le but de Wikip\u00e9dia de cr\u00e9er un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de toutes les connaissances humaines dans une encyclop\u00e9die libre et en ligne. (Pour plus d’informations, voir la page du cours sur Wikip\u00e9dia (en anglais<\/a>))<\/p>\n

____________________________<\/p>\n

By Guillaume Dury, M.Sc. student, McGill University<\/strong>
\n____________________________<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Engraving captioned Urania riphaeus<\/em> from Charles D. d’Orbigny’s Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle (1849)<\/p><\/div>\n

On April 7th<\/sup> 2012, on Wikipedia, Today\u2019s Featured Article was Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

It was an exciting day for me: I wrote most of the article.<\/strong> It isn\u2019t my article<\/em>; it would be against Wikipedia etiquette to say so. Still, I spent hours researching and wrote most of it.<\/p>\n

Just like millions of people, I use Wikipedia to quench my thirst for quick knowledge. Appropriately, \u201cwiki\u201d is Hawaiian for quick. Only there was no wiki-knowledge on the Madagascan sunset moth (Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em>).<\/p>\n

I was still curious; this particular thirst wouldn\u2019t be left unquenched. Since I would search the literature, I thought I might as well write a summary for the benefit of others. That is how I became an editor on Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

I created the article on August 5th<\/sup> 2006, a little before starting my bachelor\u2019s in biology. As a biologist in training, I needed to practice the tasks involved<\/strong>, most importantly: finding information. I was able to find a lot online: in scientific articles and scanned books in Google Books or Internet Archives. I also learned that sometimes, references are simply not available online. That is when I used interlibrary loans for the first time. Little by little, one reference at a time, I filled the different sections of the article.<\/p>\n

The section on taxonomy and naming of the species was a lot more interesting to write than I initially thought it would be. The Madagascan sunset moth has quite a story behind its names. It was first described, in 1773, as Papilio rhipheus<\/em>. That is to say, it was described as a butterfly and not a moth. Captain May of the Hammersmith<\/em> gave the specimen to the British entomologist Dru Drury, only that specimen had been \u201crepaired\u201d with a butterfly head that had clubbed antennae. (N.B.: don\u2019t glue the wrong head on your broken insect specimen!) In 1831, Ren\u00e9 Primev\u00e8re Lesson described Urania ripheus <\/em>var. madagascarensis<\/em>. The moth also has a number of other junior synonyms.<\/p>\n

Using guides on Wikipedia, asking other editors and inspiring myself with other articles, I gathered and summarized more and more information. I went through Wikipedia\u2019s internal process of peer review in January 2007. On Wikipedia, peers are other Wikipedia editors, not necessarily entomologists. This helped somewhat, especially for article format, but I really had to look for more sources and information to include.<\/p>\n

I contacted one of the world experts on the Madagascan sunset moth, Dr. David C. Lees of the\u00a0London Natural History Museum. I was pleasantly surprised he was already an editor on Wikipedia. He pointed me towards important references I had missed and added information himself. I was delighted.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

A cigarette card featuring a \u00ab\u00a0Chrysiridia madagascariensis<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb fairy in 1928 from John Player & Sons.<\/p><\/div>\n

In March 2008, I felt my article was close to the level of \u201cGood article\u201d. To be recognized as such, an article needs to meet the\u00a0good article criteria and to successfully pass the\u00a0good article nomination process. With the review and suggestions of user Casliber, this happened on March 22nd<\/sup> 2008: I had written a \u201cGood\u201d article on Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

I kept going, did more editing, added references and pictures, including a cigarette card from 1928, and what is probably the only photo of this species’ caterpillar on the Internet. I got help from one of the main editor of the articles Optics and Polarization to clarify light polarization for me. The scales on the moth’s wings use two optical phenomena to produce the colours, one of which is polarization dependent. The moth only has pigment in the black regions of its wings.<\/p>\n

On June 18th 2008, I proposed the article for evaluation to be recognized as Featured. Featured articles are considered to be the best Wikipedia has to offer, as determined by\u00a0Wikipedia’s editors. In this review process, various editors make suggestions and ask for changes to the article. I made most of those changes and answered questions to the best of my knowledge. On July 4th 2008, Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em> was promoted to Featured Article, this exceptional status is signified by a little star in the top-right corner!:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chrysiridia_rhipheus<\/a><\/p>\n

On an average day, the article Chrysiridia rhipheus<\/em> is viewed roughly a hundred times. On April 7th 2012, it was viewed over 20 000 times. In the last 90 days, that makes a total of 37 614 times<\/a>. Good exposure!<\/p>\n

I’ll happily answer the questions of anyone interested in writing \u00ab\u00a0their own\u00a0\u00bb Wikipedia article. It all start with the [edit] button…<\/p>\n

Lastly, a note for the professors<\/strong>: \u00ab\u00a0As a part of the ENTO 431, forensic entomology course at\u00a0Texas A&M University<\/a>\u00a0students are assigned the task of writing several articles at Wikipedia pertaining to forensically important fly species.\u00a0\u00bb The students’ work serves their course, and Wikipedia’s goal to create a summary of all human knowledge in an online encyclopedia. (For more information see the course’s Wikipedia page<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Note: the English version follows) Guillaume Dury, \u00c9tudiant \u00e0 la ma\u00eetrise, Universit\u00e9 McGill _______________________________ Le 7 avril 2012, l’article du jour sur Wikip\u00e9dia \u00e9tait Chrysiridia rhipheus. C’\u00e9tait un grand jour pour moi : j’ai \u00e9crit la majorit\u00e9 de l’article. Ce n’est pas pour autant mon article; dire cela irait \u00e0 l’encontre de l’\u00e9tiquette de Wikip\u00e9dia. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[473,552,493,513,476],"tags":[868,869,789,758,830,870,871,872,873,874],"class_list":["post-3742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-fr","category-natural-history-fr","category-outreacheducation-fr","category-research-fr","category-students-fr","tag-chrysiridia-rhipheus-fr","tag-ecriture-fr","tag-francais-fr","tag-guillaume-dury-fr","tag-lepidoptera-fr","tag-lepidopteres-fr","tag-sunset-moth-fr","tag-uranie-rhiphee-fr","tag-wikipedia-fr","tag-writing-fr"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3742"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5471,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3742\/revisions\/5471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/esc-sec.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}